As nations adopt implementing laws and regulations, attention increasingly turns to the framework for enforcement to ensure that the regulated community (that is the individuals and/or entities whose actions the State seeks to address) complies with the legislative and regulatory framework.
Governments establish enforcement programmes to deter, punish, and redress violations. Deterrence is particularly important. An effective enforcement programme can help to create an atmosphere in which the regulated community is stimulated to comply, because the Government, through its various agencies, has demonstrated a clear willingness and ability to act when non-compliance is detected within the regulated community. Enforcement can be handled in numerous ways, and the Second Chapter of the Guidelines and the corresponding Chapter (II) of this Manual expand upon the details of effective enforcement programmes and frameworks. In particular, Guideline 39
and accompanying discussion focuses on structuring enforcement programmes; Guideline 41(d) and the accompanying text highlights guidance for investigation and prosecution; and Guideline 43 discusses training programs for police, prosecutors, and other enforcement officials.