There are many valuable resources available to ensure that participation in negotiations and other intergovernmental processes are effective. Some of these include:
Winston Anderson, Multi-Lateral Environmental Agreements/Facilitating Negotiation and Compliance: Options for Reform (OECS 2001).
Johannah Bernstein, The Art and Science of Sustainable Development Negotiations (2004), available at http://www.joensuu.fi/unep/envlaw/materi2004/bernstein2.doc
Felix Dodds & Michael Strauss, How to Lobby at Intergovernmental Meetings (2004).
(This book provides a range of approaches for governmental and nongovernmental actors to participate and be heard at intergovernmental meetings. For example, it includes tools to prepare such as scenario-building and (Strengths/Weaknesses/Opportunities/Threats) SWOT analyses, as well as national and global actions that should be undertaken before the meetings. It provides a list of innovative approaches on how to be effective while attending and participating in UN meetings. For those not accustomed to attending intergovernmental meetings, the book describes the roles of the different bodies and forums involved, as well as a primer on the international negotiating process. Finally, it provides logistical information and various reference materials. For more information, see http://www.stakeholderforum.org/publications/books/lobby.php)
Joyeeta Gupta, “On Behalf of My Delegation . . .”: A Survival Guide for Developing Country Negotiators (Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas and the International Institute for Sustainable Development 2000), available at http://www.cckn.net/www/index.html although this publication focuses on climate change and was published in 2000, it has a number of useful negotiating skills, including a chapter on “Tips and Tricks for the Lonely Diplomat”).
Winfried Lang, International Environmental Negotiations (UNITAR) (in English and French) (theory, processes, and techniques, including dispute avoidance and dispute settlement provisions, as well as experiences in developing particular international environmental agreements are highlighted through case studies).
Jeffrey G. Miller & Thomas R. Colosi, Fundamentals of Negotiation: A Guide for Environmental Professionals (Environmental Law Institute 1989), reviews negotiating strategies at the local and national level with some potential lessons for international negotiations.
Evangelos Raftopoulos & Moira L. McConnell (eds.), Contributions to International Environmental Negotiation in the Mediterranean Context (2005) (includes a collection of analytic papers and simulation exercises for use in training courses on international environmental negotiations).
Lawrence E. Susskind, Environmental Diplomacy: Negotiating More Effective Global Environmental Agreements (Oxford University Press 1994).
Lawrence Susskind et al., Negotiating Environmental Agreements: How to Avoid Escalating Confrontation, Needless Costs, and Unnecessary Litigation (Island Press 1999).
Lawrence Susskind et al., The Consensus Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement (SAGE Publications 1999).
Timothy M. Swanson & Sam Johnston, Global Environmental Problems and International Environmental Agreements: The Economics of International Institution Building (Elgar 1999/2000) (examining the negotiation of international environmental agreements from an economic perspective).
Alexandre Timoshenko, Environmental Negotiator Handbook (Kluwer Law International 2003) (covers all the phases of establishing MEAs. It provides guidance on pre-negotiation, negotiation, adoption and signature, interim implementation, entry into force, and implementation and further development).
UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service, United Nations System: A Guide for NGOs (2003), available at http://www.un-ngls.org/ngo_guide.htm
UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service with Gretchen Sidhu, Intergovernmental Negotiations and Decision Making at the United Nations: A Guide (2003), available at http://www.un-ngls.org/d_making.htm
United Nations University, Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (UNU 2001).
Janet Welsh Brown et al., Global Environmental Politics (4th ed.) (Westview Press 2006).