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Division of Environmental Law and Conventions
Manual on Compliance with and Enforcement of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
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Additional Resources on Compliance Mechanisms

In addition to the case studies and analyses discussed in Guidelines 14-17, a number of resources are available that address how various MEAs have developed reporting, review, and compliance mechanisms to facilitate Parties and MEA Secretariats in promoting compliance with MEAs. In addition to providing information on the structure and approach of the individual mechanisms, these resources also provide insight into how the various mechanisms can complement one another. Some of these resources include:

Kal Raustiala, Reporting and Review Institutions in 10 Multilateral Environmental Agreements (2001), available at http://www.unep.org/GEO/techreports.htm (covering the Ramsar Convention, World Heritage Convention, CITES, CMS, UNCLOS, Montreal Protocol, Basel Convention, UNFCCC, CBD, and UNCCD, as well as review institutions at the International Labour Organization, the World Trade Organization, the NAAEC, international human rights regimes, arms control agreements, and the World Bank).

Linda Nowlan & Chris Rolfe, Kyoto, POPS and Straddling Stocks: Understanding Environmental Treaties (2003), available at http://www.wcel.org/wcelpub/2003/13929.pdf.

See also the resources listed in the Bibliography in Annex VI.

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Guideline 13
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Additional Resources on Compliance Mechanisms
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