In addition to the resources on economic valuation described following Guideline 40(c)
, see:
Andrew Balmford et al., “Economic Reasons for Conserving Wild Nature,” 297 Science 950 (2002) (estimating that the overall benefit-to-cost ratio of an effective global program for the conservation of the wild nature that remains is at least 100:1).
Herman Daly & Joshua Farley, Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications (Island Press 2003).
Joanna Fiedler & Paulina Janiak, Environmental Financing in Central and Eastern Europe: 1996-2001 (Regional Environment Center for Central and Eastern Europe 2003), available at http://www.rec.org/REC/Programs/
SofiaInitiatives/Enviro.Finance.in.CEE.pdf.
Jurg Klarer et al. (eds.), Sourcebook on Economic Instruments for Enviornmental Policy in Central and Eastern Europe (REC 1999), preface and executive summary available at http://www.rec.org/REC/Programs/
SofiaInitiatives/EcoInstruments/sourcebook.html.
Raymond J. Kopp & V. Kerry Smith (eds.), Valuing Natural Assets (Resources for the Future 1993).
Kalle Määttä, Environmental Taxes: An Introductory Analysis (Elgar 2006).(Recognising that there are different types of environmental taxes and that they differ from one other according to the functions they serve and the manner in which they are implemented, this study highlights the appropriateness of different kinds of environmental taxes against a rigorous framework of theory and case study evidence. The study surveys regulatory and fiscal taxes, incentive environmental taxes, how to financing environmental taxes, and environmental taxes from the fiscal perspective.)
Jennfer McGuinn, Investing in the Local Environment: Assisting Municipalities in South Eastern Europe to Access Environmental Funding (Regional Environment Center for Central and Eastern Europe 2003), available at http://www.rec.org/REC/Programs/
LocalInitiatives/InvestingLocalEnvironment.pdf.
Leisa Perch, Issues and Challenges in Implementing Economic Instruments for Environmental Management in the Caribbean Sub-region: Selected Case Studies (UNECLAC 2000).
Jennifer Rietbergen-McCracken & Hussein Abaza (eds.), Economic Instruments for Environmental Management: A Worldwide Compendium of Case Studies (UNEP/Earthscan 2000).
Paul F. Scodari, Measuring the Benefits of Federal Wetland Programs (Environmental Law Institute 1997).
OECD, Environmental Performance Review – Chile (2005), available at http://www.oecd.org/document/32/0,2340,en
_2649_34307_34856224_1_1_1_1,00.html (in English and Spanish) (highlighting, inter alia, the innovative use of economic instruments, including trading mechanisms for air emissions and water rights).
UNECLAC, Application de Instrumentos Economicos en la Gestion Ambiental enAmérica Latina y el Caribe: Desafios y Factores Condicionantes (2001) (in Spanish), available at http://www.eclac.cl/
dmaah/dmaah/instrum/pdf/LCL%201488.pdf.
UNEP, Application and Use of Economic Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resources Management: Training Resource Manual (2004).
UNEP, Selection, Design and Implementation of Economic Instruments in the Solid Waste Management Sector in Kenya: The Case of Plastic Bags (2005), available at http://www.unep.ch/etb/publications/EconInst/Kenya.pdf.
UNEP, Economic Instruments in Biodiversity-Related Multilateral Environmental Agreements (2004), available at http://www.unep.ch/
etb/publications/EconInst/ecoInstBioMea.pdf. (This study investigates the current and future potential role of economic instruments in the context of three biodiversity-related MEAs: the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. The main types of economic instruments relevant to protecting biodiversity and the principal provisions and negotiations on economic instruments in the three MEAs are identified. Using numerous examples, the study suggests a range of thematic areas where the use of economic instruments could be further developed. It also discusses some of the conditions for successful implementation of such instruments.)
UNEP, The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy: Opportunities and Challenges (2004), available at http://www.unep.ch/etb/publications/
EconInst/econInstruOppChnaFin.pdf (This publication seeks to help policy-makers and experts to identify, design and evaluate economic instruments and integrate them effectively into pre-existing regulatory structures. It presents an innovative approach by offering a wide range of tools for conducting comprehensive assessments and tailoring solutions to a specific country situation and need. It also provides a framework for conducting policy design, implementation and evaluation through a case study approach, analyzing past experiences in an effort to assess, which instruments have worked effectively to address particular types of environmental problems.)
Anja von Moltke et al. (eds.), Energy Subsidies: Lessons Learned in Assessing their Impact and Designing Policy Reforms (UNEP/Greenleaf Publishing 2004).