ABBREVIATIONS

A

AAT	Animal African Trypanosomiasis
ABSF	African Biotechnology Stakeholders Forum
ACCNNR	African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
ACT	Action by Churches Together
AEC	African Economic Community
AEIN	Africa Environmental Information Network
AEO	Africa Environment Outlook
AEO-EIS	Africa Environment Outlook – Environmental Information System
AfDB	African Development Bank
AFLEG	Africa Forest Law Enforcement and Governance
AGERI	Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute
AGOA	African Growth and Opportunity Act
AGRHYMET	Centre for Agro-meteorology and Operational Hydrology
AIACC	Assessment of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change
AMCEN	African Ministerial Conference on the Environment
AMCOW	African Ministerial Council on Water
AMMA	African Multidisciplinary Monsoon Analysis
AMU	Arab Maghreb Union
ANBO	African Network of Basin Organizations
ANC	African National Congress
AOSIS	Alliance of Small Island States
APAI	African Protected Areas Initiative
APRM	African Peer Review Mechanism
ARI	Acute respiratory infections
ARI	Advanced Research Institute
ASAL	Arid and semi-arid lands
ASP	Africa Stockpiles Programme
ATO	African Timber Organization
AU	African Union

B

bbl/d	barrels per day
BCLME	Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem
BOTT	Build, Operate, Train and Transfer
BPoA	Barbados Programme of Action
BSE	Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Bt	Bacillus thuringiensis

C

CAADP	Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme
CAMPFIRE	Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources
Cap-Net	Capacity Building for Integrated Water Resources Management
CAR	Central African Republic
CARPE	Central African Regional Program for the Environment
CBD	Convention on Biological Diversity
CBFP	Congo Basin Forest Partnership
CBNRM	Community-based natural resource management
CBO	Community-based organization
CDM	Clean Development Mechanism
CEDARE	Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe
CEMAC	Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
CEN-SAD	Community of Sahel-Saharan States
CEOSS	Coptic Evangelical Organization for Social Services
CFC	Chlorofluorocarbon
CGIAR	Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CI	Conservation International
CI	Consumers International
CIDA	Canadian International Development Agency
CILSS	Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel
CIMMYT	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre
CITES	Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna
CMS	Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
COMESA	Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
COMIFAC	Central Africa Forests Commission
COP	Conference of the Parties
COTS	Crown-of-thorns starfish
CPUE	Catch per Unit Effort
CRDB	Co-operative and Rural Development Bank
CRIC	Committee for the Review of the Implementation of the Convention (UNCCD)
CSIR	South African Council on Scientific and Industrial Research
CSO	Civil society organization

D

DANIDA	Danish International Development Agency
DDT	Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
DGEF	Division of Global Environment Facility Coordination
DGIS	Netherlands Directorate General for International Cooperation
DIVERSITAS	Integrating Biodiversity Science of Human Well-being
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNOC	DiNitroOrthoCresol
DRC	Democratic Republic of the Congo
DTF	Devolution Trust Fund

E

EAC	East African Community
ECA	United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
ECCAS	Economic Community of Central African States
ECOFAC	Ecosystèmes Forestiers d’Afrique Centrale
ECOSOC	United Nations Economic and Social Council
ECOSOCC	Economic, Social and Cultural Council of the AU
ECOWAS	Economic Community of West African States
EEZ	Exclusive Economic Zone
EGRAP	Ethiopian Groundwater Resource Assessment Programme
EIA	Environmental impact assessment
EIB	European Investment Bank
EMS	Environmental management systems
ENGDA	Ethiopian National Groundwater Database
ENSO	El Niño/Southern Oscillation
EPARM	Ethiopian Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing
EPZ	Export Processing Zone
ESA	European Space Agency
EU	European Union

F

FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAR	Forces Armées Rwandaises
FAS	Femmes Africa Solidarité
FAWE	Forum for African Women Educationalists
FDI	Foreign direct investment
FEWS-NET	Famine Early Warning Systems Network
FNLA	Front for the Liberation of Angola
FRIEND	Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data

G

G8	Group of 8
GAFRD	General Authority of Fish Resources Development
GBM	Green Belt Movement
GCM	General Circulation Model
GDI	Gender-related Development Index
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
GE	Genetic engineering
GEF	Global Environment Facility
GEM	Gender Empowerment Measure
GENØK	Norwegian Institute of Gene Ecology
GEO	Global Environment Outlook
GFMC	Global Fire Monitoring Centre
GHG	Greenhouse gases
GISP	Global Invasive Species Programme
GIWA	Global International Waters Assessment
GLCN	Global Land Cover Network
GLR	Great Lakes Region
GM	Genetically modified
GMMR	Great Man-Made River
GMO	Genetically modified organism
GNP	Gross National Product
GSM	Global System for Mobile Communication
GURT	genetic use restriction technologies
GWP	Global Water Partnership

H

HAT	Human African Trypanosomiasis
HDI	Human Development Index
HIPC	Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
HYDROMET	Hydrometeorological Survey of the Catchments of Lakes Victoria, Kyoga and Albert

I

IAS	Invasive alien species
IATC	Inter-Agency Technical Committee
IBA	Important Bird Area
ICAM	Integrated Coastal Area Management
ICCM	International Conference on Chemicals Management
ICPAC	IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre
ICT	Information and Communication Technology
ICZM	Integrated Coastal Zone Management
IDPs	Internally displaced persons
IFAD	International Fund for Agricultural Development
IGAD	Intergovernmental Authority on Development
ILO	International Labour Organization
ILRI	International Livestock Research Centre
IMF	International Monetary Fund
INERA	Institut National de l’Environnement et la Recherche Agronomique
IOC	Indian Ocean Commission
IOC	Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
IPCC	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPPC	International Plant Protection Convention
IPM	Integrated Pest Management
IPR	Intellectual property rights
IRMA	Insect-Resistant Maize for Africa
ISAAA	International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications
ISO	International Standards Organization
ITC	International Institutions for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observations
ITCZ	Intertropical Convergence Zone
ITDG	Practical Action (Formerly the Intermediate Technology Development Group)
IUCEA	Inter-University Council for East Africa
IUCN	IUCN – The World Conservation Union
IUCN-EARP	IUCN’s Eastern Africa Regional Programme
IUU	Illegal, unregulated and unreported
IWRM	Integrated water resources management

K

KARI	Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute
KWS	Kenya Wildlife Service

L

LADA	Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands
LCBC	Lake Chad Basin Commission
LDCs	Least Developed Countries
LEAP	Local Environment Action Program
LEED	Leadership Energy and Environment Design
LME	Large Marine Ecosystem
LMO	Living modified organism
LNG	Liquefied Natural gas
LOICZ	Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone
LPA	Lagos Plan of Action
LPG	Liquid propane gas
LPG	Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LVD	Lake Victoria Development Programme
LVEMP	Lake Victoria Environmental Management Programme

M

MA	Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
MANR	Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (Egypt)
MARPOL	International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
MARWOPNET	Mano River Women’s Network
MDG	Millennium Development Goal
MEA	Multilateral environmental agreement
MedWet	Mediterranean Wetlands Initiative
MI	Millennium Institute
MIKE	Monitoring of the Illegal Killing of Elephants
MJO	Intra-Seasonal Oscillations
MPA	Marine Protected Area
MPLA	Movimento Popular da Libertação de Angola
MSY	Maximum sustainable yield

N

NAP	National action programmes
NAP	National Action Plan
NAPA	National Adaptation Program of Action
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NBCBN-RE	Nile Basin Capacity Building Network for River Engineering
NBI	Nile Basin Initiative
NCA	Norwegian Church Aid
NEAP	National Environmental Action Plan
NEH	Northern Energy Highway
NELSAP	Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Programme
NEMC	National Environment Management Council
NEPAD	New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NEPAD-EAP	New Partnership for Africa’s Development Environment Action Plan
NERICA	New Rice for Africa
NESDA	Network for Environment and Sustainable Development in Africa
NGO	Non-governmental organization
Nile-COM	Council of Ministers of Water Affairs of the Nile Basin States
Nile-SEC	NBI Secretariat
Nile-TAC	Nile Technical Advisory Committee
NIP	National implementation plan
NPACD	National Action Plan to Combat Desertification
NTBF	New technology-based firm
NTFP	Non-timber forest product

O

O&M	Operations and maintenance
OAU	Organization of African Unity
OAU/SEAF	Organization of African Unity Special Emergency Assistance Fund for Drought and Famine in Africa
ODA	Official development assistance
ODA	Overseas development assistance
ODS	Ozone Depleting Substances
OECD	Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OHADA	Organisation d’Harmonisation du Droit des Affaires en Afrique
OPEC	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

P

PA	Programme Area
PANAFCON	Pan-African Conference on Implementation and Partnership on Water
PBT	Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic
PCB	Poly-chlorinated biphenyls
PCFV	Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles
PELUM	Participatory Ecological Land Use Management
PERSGA	The Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
PFP	Policy Framework Paper
PIC	Prior Informed Consent
PLEC	People, Land Management and Environmental Change
PM	Particulate Matter
PNV	Parc National des Volcans
POP	Persistent organic pollutants
PPP	Purchasing Power Parity
PPP	Public-private-partnership
PPP	Polluter pays principle
PRS	Poverty Reduction Strategies
PRSP	Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme
PRSP	Poverty reduction strategy paper
PV	Photovoltaic
PVS	Participatory Varietal Selection

Q

QBO	Quasi-Biennial Oscillations

R

R&D	Research and Development
RAP	Regional Action Programme
RAPAC	Central African Protected Areas Network
RATES	Regional Agricultural Trade Expansion Support
RBDA	River Basin Development Authorities
REC	Regional economic community
REFAD	Renewable Energy for African Development
RELMA	Regional Land and Water Management Unit
RES	Renewable energy sources
RISDP	Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan
RUF	Revolutionary United Front

S

SABRE-Gen	South African Bulk Renewable Energy – Generation
SADC	Southern African Development Community
SADC-DMC	Southern African Development Community Drought Monitoring Centre
SAICM	Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management
SAP	Structural Adjustment Programme
SARCOF	Southern Africa Regional Climate Outlook Forum
SARDC	Southern African Research and Documentation Centre
SARS	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SDC	Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
SDI	Spatial Development Initiatives
SEI	Stockholm Environment Institute
SFIT	Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
SHS	Solar home system
SIDS	Small Island Developing States
SME	Small and medium enterprises
SNEL	Société Nationale d’Electricité
SOI	Southern Oscillation Index
SPLASH	Special Program on Learning and Awareness on Species and Habitats
SPLM/A	Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army
SPS	Sanitary and Phytosanitary
SRAP	SADC Sub-Regional Action Programme
SSA	Sub-Saharan Africa
STAP	Short-term action plan
STAP-TWR	Short-term action plan for Transboundary Water Resources
SWIOFP	South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project

T

T21	Threshold 21
TARDA	Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority
TBNRM	Transboundary natural resource management
TDR	Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases
TECCONILE	Technical Cooperation Committee for the Promotion of the Development and Environmental Protection of the Nile Basin
TIGER-SHIP	Earth Observation for integrated water resources management in Africa
TPN	Thematic Programme Network
TPRI	Tropical Pesticides Research Institute
TRIPS	Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
TWh	Terawatt hours

U

ULIMO	United Liberation Movement for Democracy in Liberia
UN	United Nations
UNCCD	United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNCED	United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
UNCLOS	United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNEP	United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNESCO-IHE	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s Institute for Water Education
UNFCCC	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNHCR	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNITA	União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola
UNSO	Office to Combat Desertification and Drought
UNU	United Nations University
UNU-INWEH	UNU’s International Network on Water, Environment and Health
USAID	United States Agency for International Development
UV	ultra violet
UXO	Unexploded ordinance

V

VAD	Vitamin A deficiency
VMT	Verification and Monitoring Team

W

WA-Net	West Africa Capacity Building Network
WARDA	West African Rice Development Association
WAVE	Women as the Voice of the Environment
WCD	World Commission on Dams
WCED	World Commission on Environment and Development
WDM	Water demand management
WFP	United Nations World Food Programme
WHO	World Health Organization
WIMSA	Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa
WIO	Western Indian Ocean
WIO-LaB	Addressing Land-Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
WMO-DMC	World Meteorological Organization Drought Monitoring Centre
WRI	World Resources Institute
WRM	Water Resources Management
WSP	Water and Sanitation Program
WSSD	World Summit on Sustainable Development
WTO	World Trade Organization
WWF	WWF – the World Wide Fund for Nature

Z

ZAMCOM	Zambezi River Commission
ZIMOZA	Zimbabwe-Mozambique-Zambia Transboundary Natural Resource Management Initiative