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THE COST-SHARING SYSTEM FOR MANAGING THE MARINE LITTER BY AGREEMENT AMONG THE ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION OF AROUND THE CAPITAL AREA IN KOREA by Young-Gwon Ha*, Kyeong-Doo Cho** and Sung-Woo Kim***
*Water Management Division, Incheon Metropolitan City
**Head, Dept. of Research Planning & Coordination, Incheon Metropolitan City
***Research Fellow, Dept. of Environment & Ecology, Incheon Metropolitan City INTRODUCTION OF INCHEON COASTAL REGION General Description The Incheon Coastal Region is developing into a marine hub of East Asia with Incheon International Airport, Songdo New City, and International Harbor. The Yellow Sea where Incheon Coastal Region is located has a wide spreaded tideland and relatively great tidal range known as one of the most important tidelands in the world. However, the tidelands around Incheon Coastal Region was reclaimed for Incheon International Airport and lots of area have been reclaimed for the purpose of landfills, agricultural area, industrial complex, and New town. For this, earlier rias coast is getting shorter and simpler, smaller tideland as well. Development of Environmental Change Because Incheon Coastal Region is located along a side of capital area(the industry and the business are concentrated in capital city, Seoul), near-shore industrial complex was constructed in this region and it discharges tons of industrial waste water into Incheon Coastal Region. Furthermore, seawater quality in Incheon Coastal Region is affected with pollutants from capital area through Han River and Siwha Reservoir.
CONTRIBUTION OF DISCHARGE LOAD BY INFLUENT SOURCES Contribution of discharge load by influent route Influent sources can be presented in three ways : direct influent from land, influent through Han River and influent from Siwha Reservoir. BOD load from the influent sources of Han River and from Siwha Reservoir are 153,055kg/day and 59,769kg/day respectively. It accounts for 65% and 25% of all. Hence, it is important to manage source area (such as Seoul, Incheon and Gyung-gi) which discharge the load into Han River. And continuous management to Siwha Reservoir and its basin is needed.
Contribution of discharge load by administrative district BOD discharge load from Gyung-gi, Seoul, and Siwha Reservoir are 44%, 25%, and 20% of all, respectively. When T-N is considered, the rate are 54% for Gyung-gi, 23% for Seoul, and 20% for Siwha Reservoir. BOD discharge load for Incheon is 4,603.23kg/day (2% of all).
STATE OF MARINE LITTER AND ESTIMATION Estimation of float and deposition litter Through the amount of collected litter from Incheon Coastal Region in every year. volume of the floating litter can be estimated at 191,271 cubic meters and amount of submerging litter throughout Incheon Coastal Region (about 500,000 ha) can be estimated at 97,000 tons (194,000 cubic meters). For this, we assumed density of litter is homogenous over all area. Especially, Youngjong, Chochi, Dukjuk, Jinly, Jangoo, and Wooldo area have the largest amount of submerging litter.
Analysis of marine litter Floating litter flowing into Incheon Coastal Region consist of 46,508 ㎥(63.6%) of vinyl and plastics, 10,050㎥(13.7%) of wood-pieces, 5,848㎥(8.0%) of styrofoam, 4,674㎥(6.4%) of wasterubber, and 3,739㎥(5.1%) of fishing nets during ordinary season. In contrast to this, the composition of floating litter are 42,372 ㎥(76.2%) of wood-piecesm, 5,068㎥(9.1%) of vinyl and plastics, 3,308㎥ (5.9%) of fishing nets during rainy season, respectively. Table 1. Seasonal and compositional estimation of floating litter
COST-SHARE FACTORS FOR SEAWATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN INCHEON COASTAL REGION Decision of the 1st factor for cost-share PPP (Polluter Pays Principle) is applied to the 1st factor for cost-share according as polluters should be responsible for the environmental problems and pay for the cost of restoration. This principle is said to be applied to seawater quality problem in Incheon Coastal Region by a commonsense that pollutants in Incheon Coastal Region continuously come from Han River Watershed. Weight by share factor PPP is a basic principle on considering ß, the weight value for improving seawater quality in Incheon Coastal Region, and ß may be assumed to be 0.7 for long-termal management. Table 2. Example of cost-share for improvement in Incheon Coastal Region
Table 3. Weight values by the principles of cost-share for the improvement in Incheon
Estimation of cost-share rate Method 1 is to consider Seoul and Gyung-gi as non-benefiter of convenience. Hence, 50% of population in the watershed is considered between BOD discharge load and Marine loads. Method 2 is to suggest distributing cost-share rate among local governments by considering 50% of watershed area between BOD discharge load and Marine loads. As a result, Incheon takes over the most share as most convenience benefiter. Seoul is responsible for 35 % of total expenses considering population and Gyung-gi which has the largest area takes over 39 % of expenses considering watershed area.
AGREEMENT AND FULFILLMENTS Agreement
Coast-share agreement for litter disposal in Incheon Coastal Region and Han Watershed
This agreement was established for cost-share of the expenditure of litter disposal in Incheon Coastal Region and Han Watershed in April, 2001.
Litter disposal project is based on a joint research with five cities and provincial governments, named, <cost-share research for water quality management in Han Watershed> and it covers investigation of marine litter distribution, removal, disposal, and management of refuse ship.
2002 ~ 2006
Total expenditure for litter disposal project in Incheon Coastal Region is 25 billion won (about 25 million US dollars) from 2002 to 2006 (during 5years)
Based on the result of research, cost-share rate for litter disposal project was agreeed to 22.8% for Seoul, 50.2% for Incheon, and 27.0% for Gyung-gi, respectiviely at the convention of 12th Administrative Commission. Disposal result of marine litter As a result of the agreement, 28.5 million dollars of subsidy was granted and , 7,816㎡ of submerging litter, 7,237㎡ of suspending litter, and 5,183㎡ of floating litter were removed from 2002. Becuase, however just only 1.3% of over all marine litter(191,273㎡) in Incheon Coastal Region is being removed , incoming litter increases in every year. Table 4 shows removed and or treated amount of marine litter by year. Table 4. Disposal result of marine litter
Dominant factors of seawater quality in Incheon Coastal Region and re-estimation of cost-share rate As Cost-share Agreement for Improvent in Incheon Coastal Region established in 2001 by local Governments (Seoul, Incheon and Gyung-gi) expires in this year, a research for distrubution of more reasonable cost-share rate is undergoing. This research is expected to find what dominant factors cause seawater contamination in Incheon Coastal Region by invesitigations of pollutant sources flowing into Incheon Coastal Region and estimation of the loads as well as give an basis of re-estimating cost-share rate for improvement of seawater quality in Incheon Coastal Region.
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