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PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS

The agreement with Norway covered approximately US$25 million for the years 2002-2005 and prioritized the following areas:
· Support to Africa
· Environmental information, monitoring and assessment
· Environmental policy and law including trade and environment
· Support to implementation of environmental conventions
· Cooperation between UNEP and the civil society.

The agreement with Belgium covered approximately US$8.5 million for the years 2002-2003. Two new Unilateral acts on the programmes financed by Belgium were signed in 200. The total expected support for 2004-2007is approximately US$12million. The third unilateral act (2004-2007) is focussed on support to 3 major programme areas:
· Strengthening the scientific base and regional capacity for integrated environmental and water assessment;
·
Water;
· Capacity Building for the integration oand institutionalization of environmental management int national poverty reduction programmes and related activities.

The agreement with Ireland covered a minimum of Euro 3.4 million for 2002-2005 and focused on the following programme activities in the African region:
· Protection of freshwater resources;
· Access to environmental information for decision-making;
· Protection of coastal and marine environment;
· Conservation of biological diversity.

The agreement with the Netherlands coverd Euro 12.3 million for the years 2002 - 2005 for the following thematic priority areas
· Assessment
· Environmental Law
· Water
· Energy and Climate
· Urban Environment.
A new agreement is currently being developed for the next 3 years.

In February 2005, UNEP concluded a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Sweden, the Swedish Ministry of Sustainable Development for a period of 3 years. The support for the first year (2005) was approximately US$4millin which was channeled through a UNEP Trust fund.
The MoU with Sweden provides support for the following programme areas:
· EarlyWarning and Assessment;
· Implementation of MEAs;
· Sustainable consumption and production patterns;
· Civil Society;
· Water;
· Chemicals
.


UNEP continues discussions with a number of other donor Governments, which are considering conclusion of a Partnership Agreement with UNEP. In each case UNEP uses an individual approach taking into consideration the particular interests of donor countries. On the other hand, signing of the agreements does not mean that UNEP becomes a donor driven organization, because all additional support is channeled towards programme priorities approved by the Governing Council. Therefore, Governments are encouraged to enter into a process of consultations with UNEP to determine the best match between their and UNEP's priorities.

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 Many people identify growing population pressures of the poor and the resultant overgrazing, deforestation and unsustainable agricultural practices as major causes of desertification. This theory, however, is based on the assumption that only the poor and their growing populations cause environmental degradation. It misses the impact of a chain of international trade and economic practices which result in low prices for agricultural and livestock commodities for the South; and political compulsions such as debt, which force a country to promote adverse land use practices in order to earn foreign exchange. In its simplistic reaction, the West chooses to provide food, first through aid and then by promoting increased agricultural production. The problem still persists, showing that the solution is far more complex.
Source: GEO 3 Report
 
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