Resources

1. Global Warming Potential, WMO Scientific Assessment Report 2014; Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment 2. A1 = Lower toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); B1 = Higher toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); A2 = Lower toxicity, flammable; A2L = Lower… read more

The number of single component refrigerants with different thermodynamic properties suitable for different types of equipment is limited. Growing demand for refrigeration and air-conditioning with diversified applications has led to a continued search for suitable refrigerant blends. A number of such blends have been developed by mixing two or… read more

To better facilitate monitoring of trade in ODS, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol requested the World Customs Organization (WCO) to revise the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS codes) for HCFCs. This resulted in amending heading 29.03 of Chapter 29 with the objective of assigning… read more

The current commercially available technologies, used as replacements for HCFCs, not only perform less efficiently in high-ambient conditions but may also possess high-GWP characteristics which do not provide optimum alternatives in the context of the HCFC phase-out programmes in this sector. This exceptional project is designed to respond to… read more

Fisheries make a major contribution to the economies of many developing countries through foreign exchange earnings and employment creation

At the 1992 Meeting of the Parties in Copenhagen, methyl bromide (MB) was included as a controlled substance Ozone Depleting Substance, (ODS). Article 2H of the Protocol specifically excluded Quarantine and Pre-shipment (QPS) uses from control measures as it was considered that there were no alternatives to MB for the diverse range of… read more

Efficient tracking of methyl bromide (MB) use requires close monitoring and a full understanding of both controlled and exempted uses. The IPPC has developed a list of articles typically fumigated with MB for quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) purposes, which facilitates collection and reporting of MB usage data. Modifications may be made in… read more

As the phase out of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) progresses, it is expected that there will be a considerably higher uptake, in particular in developing countries, of ‘alternative refrigerants’, such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) –or HFOs. Many of these alternative refrigerants have… read more

Free Trade Zones” (FTZ), are specifically defined areas within a country where goods may be imported/landed, handled, processed, assembled, manufactured or reconfigured, and re-exported with the companies deriving a wide range of benefits, for example, exemptions from duty and taxes, simplified administrative procedures and duty free imports of… read more

As the phase out of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) progresses, it is expected that there will be a considerably higher uptake, in particular in developing countries, of ‘alternative refrigerants’, such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) –or HFOs. Many of these alternative refrigerants have… read more

As the phase out of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) progresses, it is expected that there will be a considerably higher uptake, in particular in developing countries of ‘alternative refrigerants’, such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) –or HFOs. Many of these alternative refrigerants have… read more

The project was designed so that the development of the new air-conditioning units and the new compressors could be done in parallel and in close cooperation between Midea and Meizhi, to ensure that an optimized system, based on R-290, is produced. In the case of Meizhi, the selected production line has an annual production capacity of 1,830,000… read more

The manufacture of shoes is an important industry in Mexico—particularly in the Guanajuato region which produces each year around 244 million pairs of shoes in over 7,000 enterprises that employ 135,000 people directly (and some 270,000 indirectly). Most of these shoes are fit with microcellular polyurethane shoesoles many of which, in turn,… read more

The need to protect human health was the driving force behind the establishment of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987). The treaties are the international response to the significant threats to human health and the environment posed by the continued… read more

This fact sheet aims to further highlight the benefits to climate and energy efficiency of good practices in the refrigeration servicing sector through some examples of good practices during installation, servicing and maintenance.

UNEP DTIE OzonAction has come out with two new flyers to provide stakelholders with a general overview and basic information on HCFC phaseout. This flyer addresses HCFCs in the refrigeration and air conditioning sector. The flyers are available in English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese.