Resources

This fact sheet summarises and highlights the main elements of the Amendment of particular interest to countries operating under Article 5 of the Protocol (Article 5 Parties).

In 2016, the Montreal Protocol was amended to phase-down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are commonly used alternatives to ozone depleting substances.

An overview of the basic tools used by RAC technicians in the servicing sector.

Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Article 7 of the Protocol requires all Parties, both developing countries (also called Article 5 countries) and developed countries, to provide statistical data on an annual basis, on various issued related to trade and production of ozone-depleting substances (ODS),… read more

The RAC sector represents a major share of energy use in most developing countries as RAC appl i cat ions consume large amounts of electricity for cooling requirements, resulting in a rapid increase in energy consumption in the commercial and residential sectors of many countries.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) OzonAction Branch, as well as other United Nations (UN) agencies operating under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, offered over the last two decades exhaustive training programmes for the servicing technicians on the refrigeration good practices including emissions… read more

Table of common products and equipment containing or reliant on HCFCs

The number of single component refrigerants with different thermodynamic properties suitable for different types of equipment is limited. Growing demand for refrigeration and air-conditioning with diversified applications has led to a continued search for suitable refrigerant blends. A number of such blends have been developed by mixing two or… read more

1. Ozone Depleting Potential, Montreal Protocol ‘reporting’ values, Montreal Protocol Handbook, 2012. 2. Global Warming Potential, WMO Scientific Assessment Report, 2014 3. A1 = Lower toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); B1 = Higher toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); A2 = Lower toxicity, flammable 4. Code 2903.79 covers… read more

1. Global Warming Potential, WMO Scientific Assessment Report 2014; Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment 2. A1 = Lower toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); B1 = Higher toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); A2 = Lower toxicity, flammable; A2L = Lower… read more

The number of single component refrigerants with different thermodynamic properties suitable for different types of equipment is limited. Growing demand for refrigeration and air-conditioning with diversified applications has led to a continued search for suitable refrigerant blends. A number of such blends have been developed by mixing two or… read more

This application consists of a series of short instructional videos on techniques, safety and best practice for refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) technicians.  This serves as a complementary training tool for technicians to help them revise and retain the skills they have acquired during hands-on training. Available in the following… read more

The project was implemented at the regional level in consultation with National Ozone Units of the Gulf Coordination Council (GCC) countries, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE plus Iraq, to ensure incorporating the project outputs within the HPMPs particularly for the preparation of post 2015 policies and action-… read more

As the international community proudly celebrates the 30th anniversary of the Vienna Convention for Protection of the Ozone Layer, the success story of protecting the ozone layer resonates in all fora. Today the world boasts of having phased out 98 per cent of ozone depleting substances (ODS). However, the use of ODS continues to increase in… read more

Fisheries make a major contribution to the economies of many developing countries through foreign exchange earnings and employment creation

It is expected that in the near future there will be a considerably higher uptake around the world, and particularly in developing countries of ‘alternative refrigerants’, such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) –or hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and HFOs mixtures.

 

The current commercially available technologies, used as replacements for HCFCs, not only perform less efficiently in high-ambient conditions but may also possess high-GWP characteristics which do not provide optimum alternatives in the context of the HCFC phase-out programmes in this sector. This exceptional project is designed to respond to… read more

Many of the alternative refrigerants to hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have particular characteristics in terms of toxicity, flammability and high pressure which are different from those used previously. It is therefore important that the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry adapts to both the technical and safety issues concerning… read more

This document provides guidance for Ozone Officers in low volume HCFC consuming countries (LVCs) to help them understand how to seek financing outside of the Montreal Protocol’s Multilateral Fund to achieve the climate co-benefits indicated in their national HCFC Phase-out Management Plans

As the phase out of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) progresses, it is expected that there will be a considerably higher uptake, in particular in developing countries of ‘alternative refrigerants’, such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) –or HFOs. Many of these alternative refrigerants have… read more