Resources

An overview of the different sectors and markets where fluorocarbon chemicals and blends are used.

An introduction and general overview of the Kigali Amendment and the changes that will come with regard to the phase-down of HFCs.

This fact sheet summarises and highlights the main elements of the Amendment of particular interest to countries operating under Article 5 of the Protocol (Article 5 Parties).

In 2016, the Montreal Protocol was amended to phase-down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are commonly used alternatives to ozone depleting substances.

Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Article 7 of the Protocol requires all Parties, both developing countries (also called Article 5 countries) and developed countries, to provide statistical data on an annual basis, on various issued related to trade and production of ozone-depleting substances (ODS),… read more

The RAC sector represents a major share of energy use in most developing countries as RAC appl i cat ions consume large amounts of electricity for cooling requirements, resulting in a rapid increase in energy consumption in the commercial and residential sectors of many countries.

Table of common products and equipment containing or reliant on HCFCs

To better facilitate monitoring of trade in ODS, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol requested the World Customs Organization (WCO) to revise the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS codes) for HCFCs. This resulted in amending heading 29.03 of Chapter 29 with the objective of assigning… read more

As part of its work in providing assistance to developing countries to fulfil their commitments under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the UNEP DTIE OzonAction Compliance Assistance Programme (CAP) launched the ‘Informal Prior-Informed Consent’ (iPIC) mechanism in 2006. This initiative was developed in order to… read more

The number of single component refrigerants with different thermodynamic properties suitable for different types of equipment is limited. Growing demand for refrigeration and air-conditioning with diversified applications has led to a continued search for suitable refrigerant blends. A number of such blends have been developed by mixing two or… read more

1. Ozone Depleting Potential, Montreal Protocol ‘reporting’ values, Montreal Protocol Handbook, 2012. 2. Global Warming Potential, WMO Scientific Assessment Report, 2014 3. A1 = Lower toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); B1 = Higher toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); A2 = Lower toxicity, flammable 4. Code 2903.79 covers… read more

Certification is the means by which a person (or enterprise), as a result of training, education, external review and assessment, receives official approval of being able to competently complete a job or task. Certification can be a legal requirement or a measure undertaken voluntarily for professional advantage. Certification schemes which are… read more

1. Global Warming Potential, WMO Scientific Assessment Report 2014; Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment 2. A1 = Lower toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); B1 = Higher toxicity, no flame propagation (non-flammable); A2 = Lower toxicity, flammable; A2L = Lower… read more

The number of single component refrigerants with different thermodynamic properties suitable for different types of equipment is limited. Growing demand for refrigeration and air-conditioning with diversified applications has led to a continued search for suitable refrigerant blends. A number of such blends have been developed by mixing two or… read more

The current commercially available technologies, used as replacements for HCFCs, not only perform less efficiently in high-ambient conditions but may also possess high-GWP characteristics which do not provide optimum alternatives in the context of the HCFC phase-out programmes in this sector. This exceptional project is designed to respond to… read more

Fisheries make a major contribution to the economies of many developing countries through foreign exchange earnings and employment creation

As the phase out of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) progresses, it is expected that there will be a considerably higher uptake, in particular in developing countries, of ‘alternative refrigerants’, such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) –or HFOs. Many of these alternative refrigerants have… read more

Efficient tracking of methyl bromide (MB) use requires close monitoring and a full understanding of both controlled and exempted uses. The IPPC has developed a list of articles typically fumigated with MB for quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) purposes, which facilitates collection and reporting of MB usage data. Modifications may be made in… read more

At the 1992 Meeting of the Parties in Copenhagen, methyl bromide (MB) was included as a controlled substance Ozone Depleting Substance, (ODS). Article 2H of the Protocol specifically excluded Quarantine and Pre-shipment (QPS) uses from control measures as it was considered that there were no alternatives to MB for the diverse range of… read more

As the phase out of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) progresses, it is expected that there will be a considerably higher uptake, in particular in developing countries, of ‘alternative refrigerants’, such as hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) –or HFOs. Many of these alternative refrigerants have… read more