Overview

The work of nearly 300 multidisciplinary scientists, this landmark report offers an in-depth look at the state of the global environment, exploring everything from the health of coral reefs to the status of the ozone layer. Many of its findings are concerning. But GEO-7 reports that if humanity acts quickly, it can still undo decades of environmental damage and forge a more sustainable future for billions of people.

Inger Andersen
Inger Andersen
UNEP Executive Director
An illustration of people and animals
The Solutions

While many forecasts of the GEO-7 report are dire, its authors say humanity has time to right the environmental ship. But it will take a whole-of-society, whole-of-government effort the likes of which has never been seen before – one that protects the natural world while transforming five interconnected systems.

Numbers on a digital stock exchange board
Economic and Financial Systems
Economic and Financial System
Countries need to realign their economic policies, spending habits and finance sectors so that they support the environment.
A woman holding shards of plastic in her hands
Materials and Waste System
Materials and Waste System
Countries need to embrace circular economic models, keeping resources in use for as long as possible through practices like re-design, re-use, repair and recycling.
A solar array
Energy System
Energy System
The world must abandon fossil fuels and ramp up production of renewable power, while scaling up energy efficiency.
A Chinese farmer working in a field
Food System
Food System
Farming must become more efficient and less damaging to the environment, while the world needs to shift to sustainable diets and cut down on food waste.
The Environment
Environment System
Environment System
The transformation of the four sectors above must be twinned with a massive push to protect and restore the natural world.
An illustration of happy people
The Benefits

Pursuing a more environmentally friendly model of development could pay huge dividends for the global economy and the prospects of billions of people. GEO-7 modelling finds the economic benefits in particular start to appear around 2050 and by 2070, could hit US$20 trillion a year.

Aerial view of white concrete buildings during golden hours
Lives would be saved
Lives would be saved
The world could avoid more than 9 million premature deaths annually, with many of those lives spared due to declining air pollution.
Mangasa Kijera prepares breakfast at her home in Kerewan Nyakoi in Gambia’s Upper River Region.
Poverty would be eased
Poverty would be eased
Some 150 million people could escape extreme poverty and 200 million could be freed from hunger.
An African woman sifting grain at a processing facility
Economies would grow
Economies would grow
The world could see US$100 trillion in annual economic benefits every year by 2100, a tally that represents a quarter of global GDP.
Water pouring into a glass
People would be healthier
People would be healthier
By 2050, some 300 million people could have access to safe drinking water and 1 billion to sanitation.
An illustration of fires
The Dangers

Oppressive heat. Species extinctions. Pollution-choked skies. This is what awaits humanity in 2050 unless it ends the Earth's environmental decline.

A silhouette of a man cooling off with water during a heat wave
Temperatures will skyrocket
Crippling heat waves will sweep the planet, affecting some 9.2 billion people.
As humanity continues to emit greenhouse gases, global temperatures will rise. This will cause crippling heat waves and extreme weather events to sweep the planet, harming people and affecting livelihoods.
An elephant in the Amboseli National Park, Kenya
Nature will continue to erode
1 million square kilometres of natural spaces
The destruction of natural spaces will enflame a long-simmering biodiversity crisis and push a growing number of species towards extinction.
Thick smoke billowing out of an industrial chimney
The world will struggle to make headway against air pollution
The world will struggle to make headway against air pollution
Billions of people will be exposed to hazardous air, feeding a wave of deaths and illnesses, especially in the developing world.
Three 1-euro coins falling through the air
Economies will take a massive hit
Economies will take a massive hit
Climate change, nature and biodiversity loss, and pollution and waste will weigh heavily on the global economy.
An aerial view of the Amazon forest
The Earth may cross several environmental tipping points
The Earth may cross several environmental tipping points
The planet could be in for some seismic – and irrevocable – shocks, from the disappearance of the Amazon to the collapse of major ice sheets.
An illustration of an infinity loop
The Evidence

Countries and communities around the world have already started to remake their economies and societies – with big benefits for their people and the environment. But much greater effort is required to deliver solutions that work across all environmental crises at scale. 

Boating in the Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India
Marrying conservation and growth
Marrying conservation and growth
In India, one Indigenous community is showing how protecting biodiversity can lead to huge economic gains.
An aerial view of the Seychelles
Turning debt into an opportunity
Turning debt into an opportunity
A novel financing mechanism has led to a massive expansion of protected areas in Seychelles.
E-waste recycling facility in China
Capitalizing on electronic waste
Capitalizing on electronic waste
In China, what was once a scourge has become big business.