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Viet Nam’s rapid urbanization and accompanying fast-paced real estate sector are driving emissions from cooling, which are expected to increase under BAU scenario from 34MTCO2eq in 2017 to 80.7MTCO2eq by 2030. This growth is being driven largely by lack of comprehensive urban planning and municipal enforcement of building standards, awareness/capacity to develop urban cooling projects by governments and financiers, lack of finance for passive cooling interventions, low-level building efficiency codes,  inexpensive electricity, low MEPS for ACs, and low industrial efficiency.